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Challenges And Debates Sociotechnical Systems

The study of sociotechnical systems and value judgments in technology is not without challenges and debates: Conflicting Values: Societies often have conflicting values, and technology development can raise questions about whose values should prevail. Balancing these values in a fair and equitable manner can be challenging. Cultural Relativism: The acknowledgment of cultural values raises questions about cultural relativism and the imposition of one culture's values on another. Striking a balance between respecting cultural diversity and upholding universal ethical principles can be complex. Technological Determinism: The influence of value judgments sometimes conflicts with the deterministic view of technology. Sociotechnical systems emphasize the human and social agency in shaping technology, challenging deterministic perspectives. Unintended Consequences: While value judgments guide technology development, they can also lead to unintended consequences. The choices made w...

APPLE TV 4K 2021 REVIEW: SET TOP BOX WITH HDMI 2.1 READY FOR THE FUTURE

Streaming is increasingly at the center of attention, even in Italy. In the beginning there was Netflix, but many other services have been added to this, from Disney + to TIMVision, passing through Infinity. From this year onwards, sport has also found fertile ground, the arrival of Serie A on DAZN has ousted Sky from the throne after years of honorable service, and the Champions League is also visible on Mediaset Infinity + and on Amazon Prime Video. In short, the streaming revolution is entering the heart of its evolutionary path .

So many contents, but how to look at them? Today the alternatives are endless, if you do not have particular claims a Fire TV Stick 4K can meet the needs of a large slice of the public, while gamers can point to an NVIDIA Shield TV, not counting the operating systems of televisions, more and more. rich in applications.

In this context, the Apple TV 4K, renewed with this 2021 version, is an interesting alternative especially for those who are already part of the Apple ecosystem . Integration with iPhone is an important push to buy an Apple TV, the same thing goes for services, from iCloud to Apple Music, passing through Apple TV +. In short, valid alternatives are not lacking, but it is clear that Apple TV 4K is tailor-made for apple users.

The revolution is all in the remote control

The remote control of the Apple TV 2017 had its advantages but also its defects, especially in terms of ergonomics. In the new model, the remote control represents the only difference from the past , at least visually, since the design has remained unchanged. The most obvious change concerns the body, now entirely in aluminum, and with a greater thickness that facilitates grip.

The changes did not end there, as the touch-sensitive glass surface has disappeared, replaced by a circular control system that works both by pressure and through touch controls.

If previously tactile feedback was reserved for pressure in the touch-sensitive area, now with the new ring you can also click up, down, left and right. This completely changes the way you navigate the menus, from the swipes of the past to a more traditional directional cross. As anticipated, this circular element is also sensitive to touch, Apple has chosen a new path but that refers to the past, to the time of the iPod. For example, watching a video you can rewind it by drawing a crescent backwards. This is an extra option but in truth it is more precise and comfortable to manage everything through the physical buttons.

Looking at the buttons, you can see three additions, the "Mute" button to mute the sound, a back button, a function previously associated with the "Menu" button, and a power button. The control possibilities have increased, as well as the weight and autonomy: recharging takes place via the Lightning port and allows months of use, it all depends on the number of activations of the remote control.

On the right side then an additional button is inserted to recall Siri, a pity that in Italy it is not available on Apple TV. This lack could be felt, especially for those used to using Google services, which have been offering Google Assistant on TVs and set top boxes for some time. The last element to consider is the removal of the accelerometers and the gyroscope from the remote control, which were used in some games for direct control without using the pad. Given the compatibility of Apple TV 4K with console pads this is not a problem in reality, Apple has simply decided to push a more advanced control system.

A new engine under the body

On the outside, changes are absent, but on the inside, Apple has updated pretty much everything, starting with the processor. The A10X has been replaced by a more recent A12 , the same SoC installed on the iPhone Xs. Why not focus on a more powerful model?

First of all, in order not to increase the selling cost too much, which has remained unchanged compared to the past and € 199 for the 32 GB model, while the 64 GB model costs € 219 (both have 3 GB of RAM). A chip like the M1 then, being made at 5nm, could have created supply problems given the current situation in the chip market.

A final reason not to use a more powerful SoC is to be found in the ecosystem of applications that run on Apple TV, which still works well today on the 2017 model. In short, there is no valid reasons to further increase the power of Apple TV . at least not beyond the threshold guaranteed by the A12 chip.

The performance improvement can be seen above all in the menus and applications, more fluid and reactive in the new model, while in gaming the difference is not even noticeable. In the future, however, with the expansion of the Apple Arcade catalog, a greater distance between the A10 and A12 could come out.

The Apple TV hardware renewal stands out above all in connectivity. The network port has finally been updated and supports up to 1 Gbps, against the 100 Mbps of the previous model, which had disappointed on this front.

Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5.0 also arrive, but above all, HDMI 2.1 makes their debut . In reality, the only available port uses only the eARC. No VRR and no support for 4K at 120Hz, but these are elements that could be added in the next tvOS releases and basically we don't feel the need for them for now. Gaming on Apple TV 4K doesn't require such high specs, but things may change in the future.

Despite the update to the new SoC, compatibility with audio-video standards has remained unchanged, we find Dolby Vision and HDR10, no HDR10 +. Dolby Vision is now very popular, but it should be remembered that today the largest television manufacturer in the world is Samsung, which has long married HDR10 +.

Owners of a Samsung TV may prefer to use TizenOS, installed directly on the TV, which will allow them to makes the most of it with compatible content.

On the audio front, fans will notice the lack of passthrough on loseless formats. Software such as Infuse help to overcome the problem, but those who have advanced audio systems will find an important obstacle in this lack.

The best set top box for Apple users

The limitations in the audio field concern only a small niche now, it is difficult to find advanced systems in homes that go beyond a simple soundbar, a different speech must instead be made with HDR. This standard is now very widespread and on Apple TV 4K its optimal use is not exactly immediate.

At first glance it all seem very simple, once you have activated HDR from the settings you are immediately ready to go, too bad that in this way tvOS converts any signal in this format automatically . In practice, the contents are shown in HDR even when they are not, thus modifying the rendering compared to the source.

Fortunately, Apple has included the ability to adapt the content to the color space and frame rate, in this way the original contents are reproduced as they were designed. The system works, except with the YouTube application. A bug that we hope will be fixeds in the next updates.

Having clarified the limits encountered in the audio-video field, and which mostly concern a small slice of the public, we cannot fail to mention the many positive aspects of the new Apple TV. Let's start with the applications, where essentially nothing is missing after the recent arrival of TIMVision.

The most used streaming services are all there, the only one missing is Infinty, which with the arrival of the Champions League could become an important absence for football fans. Thanks to Apple Arcade, access to games allows hours of entertainment for gamers who are not looking for too demanding titles.

Programs like Plex or better still Infuse allow excellent management of your video catalog, but the most important element remains the deep integration with the Apple ecosystem. The iPhone can be used as a keyboard to type texts, with AirPlay you can send content directly from the phone, while through iCloud the photos on the iPhone can be easily viewed on the big screen.

The interface, very clean and rational, offers elements of the right size for the big screen, the attention paid by Apple in this field is almost maniacal, difficult to find a better designed interface, just enter Apple TV + to realize that in Cupertino they are a step ahead of their competitors. tvOS is within the reach of young and old, for a simplicity that turns into a real strength, accentuated by the excellent reactivity of the entire operating system. All with a disarming simplicity in the configuration if you are using an iPhone or an iPad.

Less experienced users in possession of an apple device will find the Apple TV ready to use in minutes, the more vain ones can bypass many of the limitations we have described above, although not all. In short, regardless of the new functions available, the user experience offered by Apple TV remains of the highest level, especially if you are already within the ecosystem of Apple products.

 

 

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